HackSpace_-_Issue_78__2024.pdf
34.4 MB
این مجله،
ساخت انواع ابزارها و وسایل‌های کاربردی رو بهتون به صورت مرحله‌ای آموزش میده. 🖇️
ساخت انواع ابزارها و وسایل‌های کاربردی رو بهتون به صورت مرحله‌ای آموزش میده. 🖇️
Mindful_You_Ed4_2024.pdf
65.5 MB
هدف این مجله، آرامش شماست.
روش‌هایی که باها می‌تونید به خودتون برسید و ورژن بهتری از چیزی که هستین باشین رو بهتون آموزش میده.
روش‌هایی که باها می‌تونید به خودتون برسید و ورژن بهتری از چیزی که هستین باشین رو بهتون آموزش میده.
car.india.april.2024.pdf
107.5 MB
اگر عاشق ماشین و اجزای ماشین هستید،
این وبسایت برای شما❤️
این وبسایت برای شما❤️
Dancing for the brain
BBC Radio
پادکست شماره ۱)
موضوع: اثرات رقص بر روی مغز
سطح متوسط
موضوع: اثرات رقص بر روی مغز
سطح متوسط
متن پادکست بالا ✏️
TRANSCRIPT
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.
Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
Beth
And I’m Beth.
Neil
Do you love to boogie on down, strut your stuffand throw shapes, Beth? What I mean is: do you like dancing?
Beth
Yes! I love to dance, just listening to the music and letting it move my body. What about you, Neil, do you often hit the dance floor?
Neil
Sometimes, but I’m not a great dancer. To be honest, I get a bit embarrassed. But maybe I shouldn’t, because it’s been proved that dancing has many physical and mental health benefits, including releasing stress, boosting your mood, or just enjoying a fun night out.
Beth
In this programme, we’ll be hearing how dancing can benefit our brains and emotions at every stage of life. And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
Neil
Of course, another great thing about dance is that there are so many different styles, from ballet and ballroom dancing to tap, hip hop and jazz. But my question is about a very unusual style, a traditional English folk dance where performers wearing black hats and colourful waistcoats hit sticks together while moving in patterns. But do you know the name of this unusual dance, Beth? Is it:
a) The Highland fling?
b) Flamenco? or,
c) Morris dancing?
Beth
I think the answer is Morris dancing.
Neil
OK, we’ll find out later in the programme. Besides Beth, someone else who loves to dance is Julia Ravey, presenter of BBC Radio programme, Mental Muscle. Here, Julia tells us exactly why she loves dancing so much:
Julia Ravey
I love nothing more than a night or a day out where I can just dance like no one's business. To me, it's just such a release and it's something that I definitely rely on to get the stress out of my body. And I now absolutely love to move. Any chance I get, I'll dance. Now, I know everyone is not a fan, 'cause some people can find dancing to be awkward or uncomfortable… and I've seen people who just avoid the dance floor at all costs, but dancing is so good for us and potentially our brains.
Beth
Julia can dance like nobody’s business, an idiom meaning very well, or very quickly. For her, dancing is a release, a way of freeing emotions, feelings or tension from her body.
Neil
Not everyone is the same as Julia though, and if, like me, the thought of dancing makes you uncomfortable, you might avoid the dance floor at all costs, no matter what happens.
Beth
That’s a pity, Neil, because the benefits of dancing are huge – just ask Dr Peter Lovatt, also known as, Dr Dance. Over four decades he’s studied how dancing helps improve brain function in everyone from children and adults to older people living with diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Dr Lovatt’s dance therapy involves spontaneous movements, closing your eyes and letting the music move you. It promotes divergent thinking leading to happier, more creative brains.
Neil
So how can we get more people dancing? That’s exactly what Julia Ravey asked Dr Lovatt for BBC Radio programme, Mental Muscle:
Julia Ravey
What would you say to the person listening who maybe doesn't dance at all right now, maybe would like to dance a bit more, maybe for them they're still a little bit on the fence about whether they want to dance? How can everyone get a little bit more movement into their daily life?
Dr Lovatt
OK, so the very first thing to do, I would suggest, is to lay on your bed with your eyes closed, and to find a piece of music that you like… close your eyes and then just hear the beat and feel the rhythm, so think about where in your body do you feel a twitch?
Neil
Julia mentions people who are sitting on the fence, who still haven’t decided if they will do something or not, in this case, dance. Dr Lovatt’s advice is simple – get comfortable, close your eyes and listen to some music. Soon, you’ll feel a twitch, a small sudden and involuntary movement somewhere in your body. From there, it’s only a few steps to dancing!
TRANSCRIPT
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.
Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
Beth
And I’m Beth.
Neil
Do you love to boogie on down, strut your stuffand throw shapes, Beth? What I mean is: do you like dancing?
Beth
Yes! I love to dance, just listening to the music and letting it move my body. What about you, Neil, do you often hit the dance floor?
Neil
Sometimes, but I’m not a great dancer. To be honest, I get a bit embarrassed. But maybe I shouldn’t, because it’s been proved that dancing has many physical and mental health benefits, including releasing stress, boosting your mood, or just enjoying a fun night out.
Beth
In this programme, we’ll be hearing how dancing can benefit our brains and emotions at every stage of life. And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
Neil
Of course, another great thing about dance is that there are so many different styles, from ballet and ballroom dancing to tap, hip hop and jazz. But my question is about a very unusual style, a traditional English folk dance where performers wearing black hats and colourful waistcoats hit sticks together while moving in patterns. But do you know the name of this unusual dance, Beth? Is it:
a) The Highland fling?
b) Flamenco? or,
c) Morris dancing?
Beth
I think the answer is Morris dancing.
Neil
OK, we’ll find out later in the programme. Besides Beth, someone else who loves to dance is Julia Ravey, presenter of BBC Radio programme, Mental Muscle. Here, Julia tells us exactly why she loves dancing so much:
Julia Ravey
I love nothing more than a night or a day out where I can just dance like no one's business. To me, it's just such a release and it's something that I definitely rely on to get the stress out of my body. And I now absolutely love to move. Any chance I get, I'll dance. Now, I know everyone is not a fan, 'cause some people can find dancing to be awkward or uncomfortable… and I've seen people who just avoid the dance floor at all costs, but dancing is so good for us and potentially our brains.
Beth
Julia can dance like nobody’s business, an idiom meaning very well, or very quickly. For her, dancing is a release, a way of freeing emotions, feelings or tension from her body.
Neil
Not everyone is the same as Julia though, and if, like me, the thought of dancing makes you uncomfortable, you might avoid the dance floor at all costs, no matter what happens.
Beth
That’s a pity, Neil, because the benefits of dancing are huge – just ask Dr Peter Lovatt, also known as, Dr Dance. Over four decades he’s studied how dancing helps improve brain function in everyone from children and adults to older people living with diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Dr Lovatt’s dance therapy involves spontaneous movements, closing your eyes and letting the music move you. It promotes divergent thinking leading to happier, more creative brains.
Neil
So how can we get more people dancing? That’s exactly what Julia Ravey asked Dr Lovatt for BBC Radio programme, Mental Muscle:
Julia Ravey
What would you say to the person listening who maybe doesn't dance at all right now, maybe would like to dance a bit more, maybe for them they're still a little bit on the fence about whether they want to dance? How can everyone get a little bit more movement into their daily life?
Dr Lovatt
OK, so the very first thing to do, I would suggest, is to lay on your bed with your eyes closed, and to find a piece of music that you like… close your eyes and then just hear the beat and feel the rhythm, so think about where in your body do you feel a twitch?
Neil
Julia mentions people who are sitting on the fence, who still haven’t decided if they will do something or not, in this case, dance. Dr Lovatt’s advice is simple – get comfortable, close your eyes and listen to some music. Soon, you’ll feel a twitch, a small sudden and involuntary movement somewhere in your body. From there, it’s only a few steps to dancing!
Beth
It seems a dance a day keeps the doctor away! So what do you reckon, Neil, are you ready to give it a go.
Neil
Hmm, maybe after I’ve revealed the answer to my question.
Beth
Right. You asked for the name of the traditional English folk dance where dancers wear colourful waistcoats and hit sticks, and I guessed it was Morris dancing…
Neil
Well, that was… the correct answer, Beth! Morris dancing is the name of the unusual English folk dance, not flamenco which of course is Spanish, or the Highland fling which comes from Scotland. OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned starting withboogie, strut your stuff, throw shapes and hit the dance floor, all modern idioms meaning to dance.
Beth
If you do something like nobody's business, you do it very well, or very quickly.
Neil
A release is the act of freeing emotions, feelings or tension from the body.
Beth
If something must be done at all costs, it must be done whatever happens, even if it involves a lot of difficulty, time or effort.
Neil
Someone who sits on the fence, delays making a decision or choosing one course of action over another.
Beth
And finally, a twitch is a sudden jerky movement or spasm in your body, often involuntary. Once again our six minutes are up! Join us again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now!
Neil
Bye!
It seems a dance a day keeps the doctor away! So what do you reckon, Neil, are you ready to give it a go.
Neil
Hmm, maybe after I’ve revealed the answer to my question.
Beth
Right. You asked for the name of the traditional English folk dance where dancers wear colourful waistcoats and hit sticks, and I guessed it was Morris dancing…
Neil
Well, that was… the correct answer, Beth! Morris dancing is the name of the unusual English folk dance, not flamenco which of course is Spanish, or the Highland fling which comes from Scotland. OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned starting withboogie, strut your stuff, throw shapes and hit the dance floor, all modern idioms meaning to dance.
Beth
If you do something like nobody's business, you do it very well, or very quickly.
Neil
A release is the act of freeing emotions, feelings or tension from the body.
Beth
If something must be done at all costs, it must be done whatever happens, even if it involves a lot of difficulty, time or effort.
Neil
Someone who sits on the fence, delays making a decision or choosing one course of action over another.
Beth
And finally, a twitch is a sudden jerky movement or spasm in your body, often involuntary. Once again our six minutes are up! Join us again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now!
Neil
Bye!
When does sitting become bad for health?
پادکست شماره ۲)
موضوعی: ضررات نشستن زیاد بر روی سلامتی انسان
موضوعی: ضررات نشستن زیاد بر روی سلامتی انسان
متن پادکست بالا
TRANSCRIPT
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.
Phil Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Phil.
Georgie And I’m Georgie. We all know how important exercise is to stay fit and reduce the risk of heart disease. Do you exercise much, Phil?
Phil I try to. I ride my bike at the weekend. But to be honest I do spend a lot of time sitting down.
Georgie Sitting too much is becoming an increasing problem in the modern world. Maybe you take the bus or train to work, then sit at a desk all day, then go home feeling tired and just sit in front of the television all evening as well. Added together, that’s hours of sitting every single day.
Phil In this programme, we’ll be finding out exactly how much sitting is too much. And, of course, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary.
Georgie But first, are you sitting comfortably, Phil? Because I have a question for you. On average, how many hours a day do British adults spend sitting down? Is it:
a) 7 hours?
b) 9 hours? or,
c) 12 hours?
Phil I’ll guess it’s 7 hours.
Georgie OK, Phil, I’ll reveal the correct answer later. Charlotte Edwardson is a professor of health and behaviour studies who has investigated the link between sitting and health problems in her lab at Leicester University. Here, she talks to BBC Radio 4 programme, Inside Health:
Professor Charlotte Edwardson If we think about our daily activities, a lot of activities are done sitting down. Movement in our everyday lives has really been engineered out with advances in technology, and our bodies just weren't designed to sit this much, so it's going to cause problems with our health.
[...]
So when you sit down you're not using the largest muscles in your body. So, these are the ones in your legs and your bum. So, that means that your muscle activity goes down. When your muscle activity goes down, your blood circulation reduces.
Georgie Throughout history, humans have always walked and moved their bodies. Now, modern technologies like motorised vehicles and office jobs, mean we spend more and more time sitting. Modern life has engineered out the need for us to move. When you engineer something out, you design things in such a way that it is no longer required. For example, CD drives have been engineered out of laptops because downloads are more popular.
Phil Charlotte says humans are not used to sitting this much. Here, the words this much mean in such large amounts. It’s a negative thing, one negative being the harm to blood circulation, the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels which carries oxygen around the body.
Georgie When we sit, we stop using important muscles. This reduces blood circulation and causes a range of other effects like increased levels of glucose and fat, and decreased energy levels. The body uses 20% more energy when simply standing than when sitting down, and walking uses 92% more energy. And that’s not to mention the damage sitting too much causes to muscle movement and blood pressure.
Phil But the hard truth is that sitting is a big part of modern life. Everything is geared around sitting, it’s organised towards that particular activity, and that makes it hard to stop. Here’s Professor Edwardson again, talking with James Gallagher, presenter of BBC Radio 4 programme, Inside Health:
James Gallagher How much do you feel like you're just swimming against the tide with all of this? Like the whole of society is like driving us more and more towards, you know, sitting down all the time, and you're like, ‘please don't!’
Professor Charlotte Edwardson Sitting is so much part of our everyday activities. You know, you go into a meeting and someone’s, ‘Come and take a seat’, you're going to your GP surgery, ‘Come and take a seat’. Everything's geared aroundsitting, and as technology advances and it tries to make our life easier, it then leads to us sitting even more.
Georgie James asks if Charlotte is swimming against the tide of modern life. If you’re swimming against the tide, you’re doing the opposite of what most people are doing.
TRANSCRIPT
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.
Phil Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Phil.
Georgie And I’m Georgie. We all know how important exercise is to stay fit and reduce the risk of heart disease. Do you exercise much, Phil?
Phil I try to. I ride my bike at the weekend. But to be honest I do spend a lot of time sitting down.
Georgie Sitting too much is becoming an increasing problem in the modern world. Maybe you take the bus or train to work, then sit at a desk all day, then go home feeling tired and just sit in front of the television all evening as well. Added together, that’s hours of sitting every single day.
Phil In this programme, we’ll be finding out exactly how much sitting is too much. And, of course, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary.
Georgie But first, are you sitting comfortably, Phil? Because I have a question for you. On average, how many hours a day do British adults spend sitting down? Is it:
a) 7 hours?
b) 9 hours? or,
c) 12 hours?
Phil I’ll guess it’s 7 hours.
Georgie OK, Phil, I’ll reveal the correct answer later. Charlotte Edwardson is a professor of health and behaviour studies who has investigated the link between sitting and health problems in her lab at Leicester University. Here, she talks to BBC Radio 4 programme, Inside Health:
Professor Charlotte Edwardson If we think about our daily activities, a lot of activities are done sitting down. Movement in our everyday lives has really been engineered out with advances in technology, and our bodies just weren't designed to sit this much, so it's going to cause problems with our health.
[...]
So when you sit down you're not using the largest muscles in your body. So, these are the ones in your legs and your bum. So, that means that your muscle activity goes down. When your muscle activity goes down, your blood circulation reduces.
Georgie Throughout history, humans have always walked and moved their bodies. Now, modern technologies like motorised vehicles and office jobs, mean we spend more and more time sitting. Modern life has engineered out the need for us to move. When you engineer something out, you design things in such a way that it is no longer required. For example, CD drives have been engineered out of laptops because downloads are more popular.
Phil Charlotte says humans are not used to sitting this much. Here, the words this much mean in such large amounts. It’s a negative thing, one negative being the harm to blood circulation, the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels which carries oxygen around the body.
Georgie When we sit, we stop using important muscles. This reduces blood circulation and causes a range of other effects like increased levels of glucose and fat, and decreased energy levels. The body uses 20% more energy when simply standing than when sitting down, and walking uses 92% more energy. And that’s not to mention the damage sitting too much causes to muscle movement and blood pressure.
Phil But the hard truth is that sitting is a big part of modern life. Everything is geared around sitting, it’s organised towards that particular activity, and that makes it hard to stop. Here’s Professor Edwardson again, talking with James Gallagher, presenter of BBC Radio 4 programme, Inside Health:
James Gallagher How much do you feel like you're just swimming against the tide with all of this? Like the whole of society is like driving us more and more towards, you know, sitting down all the time, and you're like, ‘please don't!’
Professor Charlotte Edwardson Sitting is so much part of our everyday activities. You know, you go into a meeting and someone’s, ‘Come and take a seat’, you're going to your GP surgery, ‘Come and take a seat’. Everything's geared aroundsitting, and as technology advances and it tries to make our life easier, it then leads to us sitting even more.
Georgie James asks if Charlotte is swimming against the tide of modern life. If you’re swimming against the tide, you’re doing the opposite of what most people are doing.
He also says that society is driving ustowards sitting more. To drive someone towardssomething means pushing them to accept a new situation, even when the situation isn’t so good.
Phil Luckily, there’s some simple advice to help. Break up periods of sitting 30 minutes or more with a few minutes of walking or moving your arms. Also try to spend less than half of your waking hours sitting down. Good to know. Now how about your question, Georgie.
Georgie Right, my question was how long does the average British adult spend sitting each day. Phil guessed it was 7 hours which was…close, but not right, I’m afraid. In fact, on average we spend 9 hours per day sitting down, that’s about 60% of our waking life. So, remember to take regular breaks, even just a minute or two.
Phil OK, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned, starting with, to engineer something out, meaning to design or plan in such a way that something is no longer needed.
Georgie The phrase this much or so much means in such large amounts.
Phil Blood circulation is the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels which carries oxygen around the body.
Georgie If things are geared around a certain activity or purpose, they’re organised to support it.
Phil The idiom to swim against the tide means to not follow what most people are doing.
Georgie And finally, to drive someone towards a new situation means to push them towards accepting it. Once again, our six minutes are up! Remember to join us again next time for more topical discussion and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now!
Phil Bye!
Phil Luckily, there’s some simple advice to help. Break up periods of sitting 30 minutes or more with a few minutes of walking or moving your arms. Also try to spend less than half of your waking hours sitting down. Good to know. Now how about your question, Georgie.
Georgie Right, my question was how long does the average British adult spend sitting each day. Phil guessed it was 7 hours which was…close, but not right, I’m afraid. In fact, on average we spend 9 hours per day sitting down, that’s about 60% of our waking life. So, remember to take regular breaks, even just a minute or two.
Phil OK, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned, starting with, to engineer something out, meaning to design or plan in such a way that something is no longer needed.
Georgie The phrase this much or so much means in such large amounts.
Phil Blood circulation is the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels which carries oxygen around the body.
Georgie If things are geared around a certain activity or purpose, they’re organised to support it.
Phil The idiom to swim against the tide means to not follow what most people are doing.
Georgie And finally, to drive someone towards a new situation means to push them towards accepting it. Once again, our six minutes are up! Remember to join us again next time for more topical discussion and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now!
Phil Bye!
متن پادکست بالا
TRANSCRIPT
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.
Neil Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
Beth And I’m Beth.
Neil I'm writing my birthday wish list, Beth. Listen: I want a new laptop, a gold Rolex watch and a red sports car.
Beth Phew, that’s quite a lot, Neil! Isn’t that a bit greedy?
Neil So what? Greed is good! We’re genetically built to want things that increase our social status – power and material possessions like money, a nice house, a fast car… all that stuff!
Beth Hmm, I'm not so sure, Neil. Remember, greed is also one of the seven deadly sins.
Neil In this programme, we’ll be discussing greed, the desire to accumulate ‘stuff’, keep it for yourself, and not share it with others. And, of course, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary too. But first I have a question for you, Beth. You reminded me of a famous quote by one of history’s greatest leaders: The world has enough for everyone's need, but not everyone's greed. But who said it? Was it:
a) The Dalai Lama b) Mahatma Gandhi or c) Martin Luther King?
Beth I think it was Mahatma Gandhi.
Neil OK, Beth, I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the programme. At the neurological level, greed is controlled by the reward centre of the brain. Greedy people feel good when they choose the stuff they want, and this happens at the unconscious, emotional level of the brain, meaning there’s little conscious awareness about how greedy actions might affect others, or be unfair.
Beth But what does this look like in real life? That’s what University of California psychologist, Professor Paul Piff, investigated using the classic family boardgame, Monopoly. The game was rigged to give one ‘rich’ player an advantage by letting them roll two dice instead of one, and collecting twice as much money as the ‘poor’ player when passing Go.
Neil So, what happened when Professor Piff asked the ‘rich’ players why they had, inevitably, won the fixed game? Listen to the answer he gave to BBC Radio 4 programme, Seven Deadly Psychologies:
Professor Paul Piff …they took credit for their wins. They talked about how they controlled their own outcomes, they talked about how it was the decisions they had made that had led to their being ultimately victorious, and not that flip of a coin that randomly got them into that position of privilege in the first place. Now, I don't know that this is a perfect model for how privilege, success or wealth operates in everyday life… Some people indeed have worked themselves up by their own bootstraps and get what they have because they worked hard…
Beth Interestingly, the rich players took credit forwinning. If you take credit for something, you accept praise and recognition for doing something, whether or not that praise and recognition is deserved.
Neil In fact, it was the fixed game that determined who would win and lose, not anything the players did. Professor Piff uses the expression, the flip of a coin, to describe something which is based solely on random chance, like when you flip a coin into the air. Whether it lands on heads or tails is pure luck.
Beth Yet the winning players claimed they won thanks to their own skill and ability. Here, Professor Piff uses another idiom, to pull yourself up by your bootstraps, meaning to improve your situation through your own hard work, without help from anyone else.
Neil Worryingly, the experiment showed how feeling financially better off than others can easily change into feeling better than others. And the reason behind these feelings could be what money buys you, especially one thing: space.
Beth If you’re rich you own a big house. At work you have your own spacious private office. You live in your own private bubble. Here’s Professor Piff again talking with BBC Radio 4’s, Seven Deadly Psychologies:
Professor Paul Piff People who are well off are just more socially independent. They don't need others in their lives as much, and when you don't need others, well, your empathy might suffer as a result.
TRANSCRIPT
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.
Neil Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
Beth And I’m Beth.
Neil I'm writing my birthday wish list, Beth. Listen: I want a new laptop, a gold Rolex watch and a red sports car.
Beth Phew, that’s quite a lot, Neil! Isn’t that a bit greedy?
Neil So what? Greed is good! We’re genetically built to want things that increase our social status – power and material possessions like money, a nice house, a fast car… all that stuff!
Beth Hmm, I'm not so sure, Neil. Remember, greed is also one of the seven deadly sins.
Neil In this programme, we’ll be discussing greed, the desire to accumulate ‘stuff’, keep it for yourself, and not share it with others. And, of course, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary too. But first I have a question for you, Beth. You reminded me of a famous quote by one of history’s greatest leaders: The world has enough for everyone's need, but not everyone's greed. But who said it? Was it:
a) The Dalai Lama b) Mahatma Gandhi or c) Martin Luther King?
Beth I think it was Mahatma Gandhi.
Neil OK, Beth, I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the programme. At the neurological level, greed is controlled by the reward centre of the brain. Greedy people feel good when they choose the stuff they want, and this happens at the unconscious, emotional level of the brain, meaning there’s little conscious awareness about how greedy actions might affect others, or be unfair.
Beth But what does this look like in real life? That’s what University of California psychologist, Professor Paul Piff, investigated using the classic family boardgame, Monopoly. The game was rigged to give one ‘rich’ player an advantage by letting them roll two dice instead of one, and collecting twice as much money as the ‘poor’ player when passing Go.
Neil So, what happened when Professor Piff asked the ‘rich’ players why they had, inevitably, won the fixed game? Listen to the answer he gave to BBC Radio 4 programme, Seven Deadly Psychologies:
Professor Paul Piff …they took credit for their wins. They talked about how they controlled their own outcomes, they talked about how it was the decisions they had made that had led to their being ultimately victorious, and not that flip of a coin that randomly got them into that position of privilege in the first place. Now, I don't know that this is a perfect model for how privilege, success or wealth operates in everyday life… Some people indeed have worked themselves up by their own bootstraps and get what they have because they worked hard…
Beth Interestingly, the rich players took credit forwinning. If you take credit for something, you accept praise and recognition for doing something, whether or not that praise and recognition is deserved.
Neil In fact, it was the fixed game that determined who would win and lose, not anything the players did. Professor Piff uses the expression, the flip of a coin, to describe something which is based solely on random chance, like when you flip a coin into the air. Whether it lands on heads or tails is pure luck.
Beth Yet the winning players claimed they won thanks to their own skill and ability. Here, Professor Piff uses another idiom, to pull yourself up by your bootstraps, meaning to improve your situation through your own hard work, without help from anyone else.
Neil Worryingly, the experiment showed how feeling financially better off than others can easily change into feeling better than others. And the reason behind these feelings could be what money buys you, especially one thing: space.
Beth If you’re rich you own a big house. At work you have your own spacious private office. You live in your own private bubble. Here’s Professor Piff again talking with BBC Radio 4’s, Seven Deadly Psychologies:
Professor Paul Piff People who are well off are just more socially independent. They don't need others in their lives as much, and when you don't need others, well, your empathy might suffer as a result.
Neil People who are well off, and rich enough to do what they want, rely on other people less. As a result, they may lack empathy, the ability to share someone else’s feelings by imagining what it would be like to be them.
Beth Maybe it’s not greed itself that’s bad, but the things we’re greedy for. Being greedy for social justice or a clean environment is good, right? Something to be admired by the world leader in your question, Neil…
Neil Yes, I asked you who said, The world has enough for everyone's need, but not everyone's greed. You said it was Mahatma Gandhi which was… the correct answer, Beth. OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme, starting with stuff, an informal word for material possessions.
Beth To take credit for something means to allow people to believe that something you did deserves praise or recognition.
Neil The phrase, a flip of a coin refers to an action or decision based on luck or random chance.
Beth If you pull yourself up by your bootstraps, you improve your situation through your own efforts, without help from anyone else.
Neil Someone who is well off is rich enough to be able to have most of what they want.
Beth And finally, empathy means experiencing someone else’s feelings by putting yourself in their place. Once again our six minutes are up! Join us again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now!
Neil Bye!
Beth Maybe it’s not greed itself that’s bad, but the things we’re greedy for. Being greedy for social justice or a clean environment is good, right? Something to be admired by the world leader in your question, Neil…
Neil Yes, I asked you who said, The world has enough for everyone's need, but not everyone's greed. You said it was Mahatma Gandhi which was… the correct answer, Beth. OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme, starting with stuff, an informal word for material possessions.
Beth To take credit for something means to allow people to believe that something you did deserves praise or recognition.
Neil The phrase, a flip of a coin refers to an action or decision based on luck or random chance.
Beth If you pull yourself up by your bootstraps, you improve your situation through your own efforts, without help from anyone else.
Neil Someone who is well off is rich enough to be able to have most of what they want.
Beth And finally, empathy means experiencing someone else’s feelings by putting yourself in their place. Once again our six minutes are up! Join us again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now!
Neil Bye!